MOTS-c

개요

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF of 12S rRNA type-c)는 미토콘드리아 게놈에서 암호화된 16개 아미노산으로 구성된 펩타이드로, 미토콘드리아 DNA에서 번역되는 것으로 알려진 몇 안 되는 펩타이드 중 하나입니다. 연구에 따르면 MOTS-c는 AMPK 신호 전달을 활성화하고, 인슐린 감수성과 포도당 대사를 지원하며, 나이 관련 대사 저하에 대응할 수 있는 것으로 나타났습니다. 초기 인체 데이터 및 동물 연구에서는 운동 능력과 세포 스트레스 반응에 대한 효과도 시사하고 있습니다. MOTS-c는 여전히 연구 단계에 있으며 FDA 승인을 받지 않았습니다. 아래 링크는 교육적 참고 자료로만 제공되는 용량 차트 및 계산기로 연결됩니다.

Key Information

Mechanism

AICAR 비의존적 경로를 통해 AMPK를 활성화하고, 엔도텔린 A 수용체(ETAR)를 조절하며, 미토콘드리아 에너지 커플링을 개선하고, 스트레스 반응 유전자 발현을 조절하기 위해 핵으로 이동합니다.

Benefits

• 인슐린 감수성 지원
• 대사 건강 연구
• 운동 능력 연구
• AMPK 활성화
• 세포 에너지(미토콘드리아) 지원

Side Effects

• 주사 부위 반응 (발적, 멍)
• 알레르기 반응 가능성
• 장기 안전성 미확립

Contraindications

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Diabetes medication use without medical supervision
• Known mitochondrial disorders — consult specialist

Evidence Summary

초기 인체 및 동물 연구에서 대사 효과가 뒷받침되며, FDA 승인된 적응증은 없습니다.

Research

임상 전 및 초기 인체 연구에서는 인슐린 감수성, 포도당 대사 및 운동 수행 능력이 개선된 것으로 나타났습니다. 2a상 임상시험에서는 대사 건강을 위한 고정 용량 MOTS-c 프로토콜을 연구한 바 있습니다.

Safety

일반적으로 보고되는 부작용은 주사 부위 반응입니다. 장기간에 걸친 인체 안전성 데이터는 제한적이며, FDA 승인 투여 용법은 존재하지 않습니다.

MOTS-c: Mitochondrial Peptide for Metabolic Health

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome — one of the few peptides known to be translated from mitochondrial DNA rather than nuclear DNA. Research interest centers on metabolic health: AMPK activation, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and exercise capacity. MOTS-c is investigational and is not FDA-approved. See our MOTS-c dosage chart and MOTS-c calculator for educational reference.

Key Information

• Also known as: MOTS c; Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c
• Sequence: 16 amino acids (mitochondrial-derived)
• Half-life: short (estimated ~1 hour)
• Administration: subcutaneous injection
• Dose range discussed in research: 5-10 mg weekly (research protocols)
• Price range: $1.5–$8.0/mg
• Storage: lyophilized at -20C; reconstituted 2-8C, use within 28 days
• Reconstitution: bacteriostatic water
• US status: research only
• Legal status: not FDA-approved; sold as a research chemical

Mechanism

MOTS-c activates AMPK through an AICAR-independent pathway, modulates the endothelin A receptor (ETAR), improves mitochondrial energy coupling, and can translocate to the nucleus to regulate stress-response gene expression — a unique "mitokine" signaling profile.

Benefits Discussed in Research

• Insulin sensitivity support
• Metabolic health and glucose metabolism research
• Exercise capacity studies
• AMPK activation and cellular energy support

Side Effects

• Injection-site reactions (redness, bruising)
• Potential allergic reaction
• Long-term safety not established

Contraindications

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Diabetes medication use without medical supervision
• Known mitochondrial disorders — consult a specialist

Evidence Summary

Early human research and animal studies support metabolic effects (insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity). A phase 2a clinical trial has examined fixed-dose MOTS-c protocols. No FDA-approved indication exists. MOTS-c was first characterized by Lee et al. (Cell, 2015).

Frequently Asked Questions About MOTS-c

What is MOTS-c?

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF of 12S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome. It is studied as a "mitokine" — a mitochondrial signal that can influence cellular energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and stress responses.

How does MOTS-c work?

MOTS-c activates AMPK (an energy-sensing enzyme) via a pathway distinct from exercise and metformin-like compounds, modulates the endothelin A receptor, and can enter the nucleus to adjust stress-response gene expression.

What dose is discussed in research?

Commonly discussed research protocols reference 5-10 mg weekly via subcutaneous injection, but there is no FDA-approved dose. Cross-check concentration math with our MOTS-c calculator and read the MOTS-c dosage chart for how these ranges are commonly interpreted. Any decision belongs with a qualified clinician.

Where can I buy MOTS-c?

PepsReview indexes vendor pricing for research peptides. Check the Vendors tab above for cost per milligram, purity, and COA status where available. MOTS-c is sold for research use only.

Is MOTS-c legal?

US regulatory status: research only. MOTS-c is not FDA-approved and is sold as a research chemical.

What are the side effects of MOTS-c?

Reported effects are mainly injection-site reactions; allergic reactions are possible. Long-term human safety data is limited. Review safety data and consult a clinician before any use.

Related Anti-Aging / Mitochondrial Peptides

Other peptides studied for cellular energy and longevity research:

• SS-31 (Elamipretide) — Mitochondrial peptide for cellular protection
• Epithalon — Telomerase-activating longevity peptide
• GHK-Cu — Copper peptide for repair and anti-aging
• KPV — Anti-inflammatory tripeptide

Related Anti-aging / Longevity Peptides

Other peptides in the anti-aging / longevity category that may be of interest for comparative research: