LL-37
Human cathelicidin — broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide
Overview
LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, providing broad-spectrum defense against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Key Information
Mechanism
Disrupts microbial membranes and modulates the immune system. Direct antimicrobial + immunomodulatory effects.
Benefits
- Broad-spectrum antimicrobial
- Anti-biofilm activity
- Immune modulation
- Wound healing support
Side Effects
- Potential for resistance at sub-therapeutic doses
- Irritation at high concentrations
Contraindications
- None established
Evidence Summary
Studies show efficacy against bacteria, biofilms, and immune modulation.
Research
Studies show efficacy against bacterial infections, biofilms, and as an immune modulator in chronic infections.
View ResearchSafety
Generally well-tolerated. Potential for resistance at sub-therapeutic doses.
Frequently Asked Questions About LL-37
What is LL-37?
LL-37 is a research peptide also known as Cathelicidin; hCAP-18. Human cathelicidin — broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide It is studied for its potential therapeutic applications and is available from various research chemical vendors.
How does LL-37 work?
Disrupts microbial membranes and modulates the immune system. Direct antimicrobial + immunomodulatory effects.
What is the recommended dosage for LL-37?
The commonly studied dosage range for LL-37 is Varies by application. Dosage protocols vary based on research objectives. Always consult published studies and start with conservative amounts. LL-37 should only be used in controlled research settings.
Where can I buy LL-37?
PepsReview indexes LL-37 pricing from multiple vendors. Check the Vendors tab above for a price comparison table showing cost per milligram, purity, COA status, and stock availability. Vendor reviews from real users are available on each vendor's profile page.
Is LL-37 legal?
US regulatory status: Research only. The legal status of LL-37 varies by jurisdiction. In most countries, it is sold as a research chemical, not for human consumption. Always verify the legal status in your country before purchasing.
What are the side effects of LL-37?
Reported side effects include: Potential for resistance at sub-therapeutic doses, Irritation at high concentrations. Always review safety data and published studies before use.
Key Research Papers on LL-37
The following peer-reviewed studies and clinical trials are indexed in our research library for LL-37. Each paper links to a detailed summary with key findings, study design, and publication metadata.
- LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity — Pharmacol Rep, 2016 (200 citations)
- Design of Antimicrobial Peptides: Progress Made with Human Cathelicidin LL-37 — Adv Exp Med Biol, 2019 (140 citations)
- LL-37 Triggers Antimicrobial Activity in Human Platelets — Int J Mol Sci, 2023 (60 citations)
- The LL-37 domain: A clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response? — Peptides, 2023 (60 citations)
- Antimicrobial Peptides of the Cathelicidin Family: Focus on LL-37 and Its Modifications — Int J Mol Sci, 2025 (20 citations)
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Rating Breakdown
Based on 2 reviews.
Reviews
LL-37 cleared a chronic bacterial infection that antibiotics couldn't touch. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity is impressive. Anti-biofilm properties make it effective against resistant bacteria. Wound healing also accelerated.
LL-37 is a remarkable immune weapon. Fought off a stubborn sinus infection in days. The antimicrobial and antiviral defense is broad-spectrum. Be careful with dosing - too much can cause inflammation.